Who should be screened for hepatitis B virus infection according to the USPSTF?

The recommendation for screening for hepatitis B virus infection is focused on individuals who are at high risk for the infection. This includes populations such as those who have a history of injection drug use, individuals with multiple sexual partners, men who have sex with men, and those who are immunocompromised or live in regions with higher prevalence of hepatitis B. The rationale for this focused approach is based on the evidence that these groups experience a higher incidence of hepatitis B, which can lead to significant health consequences like chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Screening all individuals, including those without any risk factors or solely limiting it to pregnant women or people over 50, may not be as beneficial in identifying and preventing the progression of the disease effectively, as the prevalence in these broader populations is lower. Targeted screening in high-risk groups thus optimizes resources and enhances the chances of early diagnosis and treatment where it is most needed.