Which population does the USPSTF recommend for syphilis screening?

The recommendation from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) for syphilis screening is aimed specifically at nonpregnant persons who are at increased risk for syphilis infection. This includes individuals who may engage in behaviors such as having multiple sexual partners, being sexually active and part of a community with high prevalence rates of syphilis, or having a history of sexually transmitted infections.

The rationale behind focusing on nonpregnant persons at increased risk is based on evidence that targeting screening efforts can lead to the identification and treatment of syphilis in populations more likely to be affected. It helps in preventing further transmission of the disease and its complications, thus improving public health outcomes overall.

As for other populations, such as all adults regardless of risk, pregnant women, or individuals over the age of 40, these groups may not necessarily reflect the highest rates of syphilis infection or transmission. While pregnant women are recommended to be screened for syphilis to prevent congenital syphilis, screening for all adults or specifically targeting older populations may lead to ineffective use of resources and potentially missed cases in higher risk demographics.