Which of the following is an additional risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It contributes to damage to the arteries, increasing the likelihood of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular complications. When blood pressure remains high, it puts extra strain on the heart and blood vessels, significantly raising the risk of developing cardiovascular issues over time.

In contrast, regular exercise is generally protective against cardiovascular disease, as it helps to maintain healthy blood pressure, weight, and cholesterol levels. A low BMI (Body Mass Index) typically indicates a lower risk of cardiovascular problems, as obesity is a significant risk factor for these diseases. Similarly, a high fiber diet is associated with various health benefits, including improved heart health, making it a positive factor rather than a risk. Thus, hypertension is notably recognized as an additional and critical risk factor for cardiovascular disease, whereas the other options contribute to heart health or indicate a lower risk.