When should pregnant women be screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria?

Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women is essential for preventing complications such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), which can lead to more severe conditions like pyelonephritis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The correct answer is that pregnant women should be screened at 12 to 16 weeks' gestation or at their first prenatal visit.

This recommendation is supported by guidelines from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, which emphasize that early identification and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria can significantly reduce the risk of more serious infections later in pregnancy. By screening during the early stages of pregnancy, healthcare providers can ensure that any infections are identified and managed promptly, reducing the likelihood of complications for both the mother and baby.

Screening solely at the first prenatal visit does not account for cases that may arise after that point. Limiting screening to the second trimester or after 20 weeks is not adequate since early detection is crucial. Thus, the time frame of 12 to 16 weeks provides a balance of ensuring early screening while also being practical in relation to routine prenatal care schedules.